Returning to the subject of a clue for fishcake, and specifically for fish as explained by William.

My suggested clue is
ghoti .....
I remembered that the word ghoti was coined so as to be pronounced the same as fish.
gh as in cough
o as in women
ti as in action

This is nice thinking, but for such an oddball clue (not a derogatory description) I would add some indicator, like the "reportedly" I have used in some solutions posted here.

So it could be: "Reportedly, ghoti came before sponge, maybe, and shaped like one."

Similar indicators are "sounds like" (too obvious) and "heard." Sadly, at this instant I can't think of any others.

I can not usually solve cryptic crossword puzzle either.
Solving them seems to rely on imprecise thinking.

No, solving them relies on precise but lateral thinking. As knowing about your word "ghoti", and putting together sponge and cake.

The normal encyclopaedic clue for fishcake could be something like "Fried seafood patty", but there is little fun in that.

askes for quiet = Sh

ASKS for quiet.

Nice clue build!

One from me, and one from my wife:

Make less 1000, adding 100 for sponge, maybe, after angle, suppertime treat.

Angle for sponge maybe for suppertime treat.

One of the ways a cue is organised for a cryptic crossword is that it consists of two parts, one is a "build" for the word, using all sorts of arcane methods.

For example, "pane" sounds like "pain", so that part of the clue, if it was for "pane" might be given as "pain reportedly." Then the other part of the clue is usually a synonym for the answer, but cleverly disguised as an extreme use of the real meaning.

Thus, our simple clue, a not very good example, could be "Window, reported pain," and the answer "pane."

What the clue will not be is a clear definition of the answer, like "Fitted in window."

So, "cod......example" could be the descriptive clue for a "straight" crossword, but is not cryptic,

Now, looking at "Angle for something to have and eat"
Fish may be a noun or a verb, which is where Angle comes in.

Solution to crypto message from French king 500 years ago

Just noticed this:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63757443

I have often (too often!) suggested to my wife that the answer to an 8 letter word is fishcake. It never is!

It occurred to me that in any event, I haven't a clue for this word, and I would appreciate efforts by our forum members to formulate one.

Physics and History of Why USA uses 120 volts and not 220 volts

An interesting historical, simple, clear and concise explanation of how different countries evolved their  mains voltages.

Youtube video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yRGvMgieEU

Why? If the competition is about what the person has produced, whether science, poetry, or whatever, why a photograph?

PUBLICITY!!!

Look at French, and the use of the verb faire conjugated with the subject and paired with a verb in the infinitive form. I think the faire is then termed an auxiliary verb

Eg, Je fais dormir - I am (doing) sleep.

Nous faisons dormir - We are (doing) sleeping. we sleep.

(Hope I've got that right - it's trying to use Google translate in line.). These are not the only translations, either way, for the concepts of the actions.

Perhaps the authorities wish to publish a short biography of the winner along with the paper.

In Fortran as I remember it, as opposed to simple  Basic programs where each line had a unique number, only "pivot" lines were identified. If you dropped the card deck or got the cards out of order some other way - I guess the program would not run properly.
In any event, I don't think Basic was run on card input machines.

You obviously wouldn't get lines out of order with punched tape inputs.

This video is about a repair of a mechanical keyboard from an IBM mainframe. I understand from a short skim of the beginning of the video that it is about a keyboard used to punch IBM cards, where a visitor to the museum exhibiting the machine has pressed a key too hard.

What is interesting, especially to anyone au-fait with mechanical drawings, are the drawings of the parts and assembly of the keyboard shown in the IBM manual for the device. They are a dazzling display of technical artwork.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWLptl0cKSc

Does anyone remember using these punch cards to input to a computer?  I had to do that for input to a Digital (the brand) computer used in our development lab. I believe I had to input a Fast Fourier Transform program in Fortran, or at least the data. Oh! for the days when I could make Fortran sing! I spent some time, not successfully and not in that lab, to write a Basic program to do the same thing

Lab-grown chicken safe to eat, say US regulators

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-63660488

sellotape

Beware of using actual brand names if you intend them to be read as generic. If you mean double sided adhesive tape, then say that. Make it clear what you mean  initially, and later you could refer to it just as tape.

I am sure there would be no repercussions if you did use an actual brand, but I remember an engineer who wrote an article where he said he "meggered" some part of a circuit. Those cognisant with the application will realise he meant use a Megger type equipment (the standard method) to measure insulation resistance. However, the Megger organisation wrote to him demanding he remove the reference and not do it again. Megger is, was, their trademark - zealously guarded.

40

(3 replies, posted in History & Geography)

Fortunately, I did not grow up in housing like that.

Wow! I bet you had an indoor loo. And perhaps more than one tap!

We had an outside loo, nice in winter....
and one cold tap over a chipped yellow shallow earthenware sink in the "scullery".

41

(23 replies, posted in General Discussion)

People placed grocery orders by phone long before computers were available.

In those days, choice was very limited, for example, only two or three brands of jams, and a few different fruits, say. As I remember.

Most grocery stores would have a counter assistant who would be asked for, let's say, a jar of jam. Without going to the shelf and taking one of each sort to show the customer, the choice would be limited to what the customer knew of the stock, and what the assistant could explain.

Or one went to the butchers, and asked for a particular cut.  If you phoned, you would get what the butcher provided, and the nature of the cut could, I say, could, depend on the relationship of the customer with the butcher. Nowadays, my wife will carefully examine several pieces of meat before choosing one. More choice there.

42

(23 replies, posted in General Discussion)

The internet, accessed by the computer William needs, can present a virtual shop, where one can browse and make choices. The telephone does not conveniently do that; no need to list why.

When I was a child, one could get colouring books where the paper contained invisible dyes that were revealed when painted with plain water. Only a few fairly dull hues, but exciting nevertheless.

Sort of "Tanglewood Tales", eh?

William:

Someone who had a degree from Cambridge told me that his certificate was ripped across the lower edge and he speculated that somewhere in the university was a book with the lower ends of degree certificates in it with the names of the people to whom the degree had been awarded, so that the authenticity or otherwise of a purported certificate could be determined by attemping matching the torn edge of the purported certificate with the retained lower part.

When you did your research for your wide ranging exposition, did you perchance come across this (quite hard to direct the search engine!):

https://www.quora.com/What-does-a-Unive … ke?share=1

Depends on when you graduated. Cambridge did not start issuing degree certificates until the 1970’s, so older graduates have no certificate at all. One simply took a gentleman “at his word”!

Certificates issued in the 1980’s and mid-1990’s were printed on paper with black text.
Certificates with colour versions of the university crest were not issued until the late 1990’s

Unlike American university graduation certificates (most notably, Harvard, who boast that their certificate is more secure than a bank note), none of the certificates issued have any security features which would allow one to verify whether or not the certificate is genuine. In fact, it is extremely easy to forge a Cambridge University degree certificate on a laser printer.

Verification of whether someone truly has a Cambridge University degree is through verification with the university registry (Degree certificates and transcripts). The certificate is really irrelevant and is seen by the university as an “American” innovation, but the university recognises that many employers nowadays may request to see a degree certificate when considering job applications. Students who graduated from a time before Cambridge started to issue certificates, are able to request one from the university registry.

Admittedly, this does not address the exact point about tearing the certificate, but I think it is covered implicitly.

BTW, are you aware that the term Poll as applied to voting refers to the exact opposite of identity confirming tearing. Two-part documents would be cut, razored if you like, to prevent cross reference and identification. Having your hair cut to a standard length could also be referred to as polled, and the same term is used as a synonym of pollarded  referring to the cutting back of certain kinds of tree.

William:

I read somewhere that in olden times, possibly in England, but I am not sure, the terms of a loan or perhaps a mortgage were recorded on a plank of wood by means of holes and marks and then the plank was cut down the middle and each of the two people retained one half, thereby a protection as to what had been agreed.

These were called Tally Sticks, and hence the term tally for agreement between two quantities.

Merriam Webster Dictionary gives:

Middle English talye, from Anglo-French talie, taille, in part from tailler to cut, measure, count; in part from Medieval Latin tallia, alteration of Latin talea plant cutting, thin piece of wood

Look at:
https://www.parliament.uk/about/living- … llysticks/

Tally sticks were a form of receipt for government income which originated in the middle ages. Tallies were regularly destroyed over the centuries by the Exchequer which had offices in the Palace of Westminster, but following its abolition in 1826, a large quantity of tallies - some two cartloads - were left behind. It was the decision by the Palace's Clerk of Works to burn them in the furnaces rather than in an open-air bonfire or to give them away as firewood, that led to the fateful fire of 16 October 1834.

Another, short (6min) video about the universe. Could you go back in time  through a white hole, for example? Or go to another of the possible universes if there is a multiverse?
https://www.bbc.co.uk/ideas/videos/five … al-society

Found on the BBC website, this video about payment (debit/credit) cards; it's a 60 minute science programme to view or download.

Shows how they work, and the interesting construction of contactless cards.

You may have to affirm  you are a BBC license payer to view it.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m … SEG_PNC%5D

Just click it, it should bring it up.

49

(8 replies, posted in Mathematics & Science)

William

Thinking about it, I think it is over fifty years since I studied optics.:

It's 68 years since I did my A Level physics!

50

(9 replies, posted in Mathematics & Science)

William, could you please post a useful link?
This link to the "Independent" paper website only allows me a taster headline.